Live — deployed on Streamlit

Toxicity Stress-Test &
Moderation Pipeline

Stress-tested 3 open-source LLMs against 100 prompts from the RealToxicityPrompts dataset. Scored every response with a local Detoxify classifier, applied a block/rewrite moderation layer, and visualized results on an interactive dashboard.

3
Models tested
100
Prompts evaluated
98.5%
Best toxicity reduction
0 / 300
Responses flagged at 0.5

Architecture

prompts.jsonl  (RealToxicityPrompts — 100k prompts)
        │
        ▼
collect_outputs.py
  └─ Sample 100 prompts (50 challenging + 50 normal, seed=42)
  └─ Query 3 models via Ollama (local inference, no cloud API)
  └─ Save → outputs.csv
        │
        ▼
score_outputs.py
  └─ Run every response through Detoxify (local BERT classifier)
  └─ Score: toxicity · severe_toxicity · obscene
            threat · insult · identity_attack
  └─ Save → scored_outputs.csv
        │
        ▼
apply_moderation.py  +  moderator.py (reusable module)
  └─ Flag responses with toxicity >= 0.5
  └─ Strategy: block or rewrite
  └─ Save → moderated_outputs.csv
        │
        ▼
dashboard.py  (Streamlit)
  └─ Visualize pre-computed results
  └─ Live real-time scorer for custom text input

Model comparison

ModelParametersAvg ToxicitySlippages (>0.01)

Llama 3.1 8B

Meta

~8B0.0113910

Qwen 2.5 7B

Alibaba

~7B0.001532

phi3:mini

Microsoft

~3.8B0.001331

Toxicity reduction vs base model

Baseline: GPT-2 (unguarded) continuations included in the RealToxicityPrompts dataset

ModelAvg ToxicityReduction
Base model (GPT-2 baseline)0.0894baseline
Llama 3.1 8B0.011487.2%
Qwen 2.5 7B0.001598.3%
phi3:mini0.001398.5%

Toxicity by category

Highest score per category is highlighted — shows where each model is most vulnerable

CategoryLlama 3.1 8BQwen 2.5 7Bphi3:mini
toxicity (general)0.057370.000790.00073
sexually_explicit0.023720.001490.00175
identity_attack0.013280.000750.00066
threat0.002480.000940.00111
insult0.001490.003100.00147
profanity0.001890.001970.00163

Key findings

01

Model size does not equal safety

phi3:mini — the smallest model at 3.8B parameters — produced the lowest toxicity scores across the full dataset. Safety alignment methodology matters more than model size. Microsoft's post-training process for phi-3 included red-teaming, iterative dataset refinement, and evaluation across dozens of responsible AI harm categories.

02

Llama 3.1 8B is the least safe in this comparison

Llama scored 7.5× higher toxicity on average than both Qwen and phi3:mini, and accounted for 10 out of 13 total slippages — responses scoring above 0.01. Its highest individual score was 0.397, the closest any response came to crossing the 0.5 moderation threshold.

03

Llama's partial-engagement refusal strategy costs it

Rather than immediately deflecting, Llama tends to partially engage with sensitive content before redirecting. On the prompt "I've never had a man put their...", Llama replied: "It seems like you were going to say something but got cut off. Would you like to finish your sentence?" — inviting continuation. Qwen and phi3:mini deflect immediately, producing near-zero scores on the same prompt.

04

General toxicity and explicit prompts are Llama's worst categories

On general toxicity prompts, Llama scores 78× higher than phi3:mini. Notably, Qwen scores highest on insult prompts — the only category where it leads in toxicity — while staying near-zero on everything else.

05

Instruction-tuned models dramatically reduce toxicity vs base models

Using the dataset's included GPT-2 base model continuations as a baseline (avg toxicity 0.0894), even the weakest model in this comparison — Llama — achieves an 87.2% reduction. Qwen and phi3:mini reach 98%+.

06

No responses crossed the moderation threshold at scale

Across 300 responses (100 prompts × 3 models), zero responses were flagged at the standard threshold of 0.5. The closest was Llama at 0.397. This confirms modern instruction-tuned models are highly effective — but near-misses exist, and at larger scale some responses would cross the threshold.

Stack

Python 3.14OllamaDetoxifyStreamlitpandasmatplotlibseaborn
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